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A RESOURCE GUIDE FOR APPLYING NCLB IN HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOMS
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COMPONENT: Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) |
DEFINITION: Adequate yearly progress (AYP) is the component of the No Child Left Behind Act for determining whether or not all high school students achieve the same high standards of academic achievement in reading or language arts and mathematics by 2013-2014. AYP requires statistically valid and reliable ways to determine the continuous and substantial academic improvement of all students from a starting point in 2001-2002 to the proficiency level by 2013-2014. Moreover, AYP includes efforts to narrow the achievement gaps of students who are economically disadvantaged, students from major race and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and students with limited English proficiency. For high schools, AYP must include graduation rates and at least one additional academic indicator such as local assessments, attendance rates, or college preparatory courses.
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SUMMARY OF NCLB REQUIREMENTS
Expectations for all high schools students to reach proficiency by 2013-14.
Each high schools definition of AYP must meet the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act by ensuring that all of its students and each student subgroup achieve proficiency in reading or language arts and mathematics by the 2013-2014 school year. This means that each high school must establish starting points, annual measurable objectives, and intermediate goals set separately for reading or language arts and mathematics at each tested grade level in the high school. These milestones must be aligned with the State accountability plan and the No Child Left Behind Act specifications. Each high school will use the reading or language arts and mathematics assessments established by its State in the grade band 10 through 12. For example, high school mathematics assessments usually differ from the elementary and middle assessments insofar as they may be tied to specific subject matter courses delivered and taken in different years in the grade 10-12 span. In these cases, the starting points, annual measurable objectives, and intermediate goals can be set on the status of students in grade 12, thus ensuring that all students will achieve proficiency by 2013-2014.
Method for determining whether high school student subgroups made adequate yearly progress.
The method of calculating AYP for high schools must follow the State accountability plan. This means for a high school to meet AYP, all students and each student demographic subgroup that meets minimum size criteria must:
- meet or exceed the annual measurable objectives on the reading or language arts and mathematics assessment measures or the criteria under the safe harbor provision when a school does not meet annual measurable objectives for each demographic subgroup, and
- have at least a 95-percent participation rate in the State assessments, and
- meet the State requirements for performance or performance gains on one other academic indicator, e.g., graduation rate.
Timeline for high schools to determine adequate yearly progress.
First, each State sets a "starting point" that is based on the performance of its lowest-achieving demographic subgroup or of the lowest-achieving schools in the State, whichever is higher. Second, the State sets the level of student achievement that a high school must attain after two years in order to continue to show adequate yearly progress. Subsequent milestones must be raised at least once every three years, until, at the end of 12 years, all high school students in the State are achieving at the proficient level on State assessments in reading or language arts and mathematics.
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SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Adequate yearly progress is based on the assessment of the academic content standards that all high school students are expected to learn. The following process can be followed for any academic content standard that has been taught, assessed, scored, and analyzed for a class of high school students in reading or language arts, mathematics, or any other content area. Teachers following this process can contribute to school wide data collection for gauging adequate yearly progress. The value of this approach lies in its capacity to produce monthly classroom data related to a schools progress in meeting annual measurable objectives and intermediate goals for all students.
Step One: Organize - The teacher develops a chart to show the following data for each time the same academic content standard(s) is taught, assessed, and scored:
- The number of students in the aggregate and in each demographic subgroup who performed at or above the proficient level on the scoring tool;
- The number of students in the aggregate and in each demographic subgroup who performed below the proficient level on the scoring tool;
- The percentage of students in the aggregate and in each demographic subgroup who performed at or above the proficient level on the scoring tool;
Step Two: Analyze - The teacher examines the data in the chart to look for trends, contributing factors, and implications of student performance over a series of assessments of the same academic content standard(s). The analysis includes a comparison of the students performance at the proficient level with the schools annual measurable objectives for all students and demographic subgroups.
Step Three: Reflect - The teacher considers items similar to the following stems to reflect on the results, the teaching methods used, and other features the teacher might benchmark and apply in the future. Then, the teacher writes a summary paragraph about the findings, contributing factors, and implications for adequate yearly progress on the academic content standard(s).
- Research on best practices related to this academic content standard indicates...
- Schools that do well on this academic content standard have used...
- I didn't realize that career and vocational-technical students
- What was valuable?...not valuable?
- Students in demographic subgroups performed
Step Four: Act - If the lesson went well and the standards-based instructional activities are promising for producing adequate yearly progress, the teacher prevents drift to previous practices and adopts the improvements as new instruction and assessment activities to improve upon.
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SOURCES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
Public law 107-110, The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
http://www.ed.gov/legislation/ESEA02/
No Child Left Behind, Accountability and Adequate Yearly Progress
http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/ayp/edlite-default.cfm
Definition of Adequate Yearly Progress
http://www.nclb.gov/next/faqs/accountability.html#4
TaskBuilder Figure 8 Strategy for Classroom AYP
http://www.taskbuilderonline.com/figure8strat.html
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